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May7
H1N1 Swine Flu Virus Infecting The Young Average Swine Flu Patient In U.S. Is 15 Years Of Age
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: confirmed cases, flu, h1n1, mutation, swine flu, swine flu average age 15, swine flu patient In U.S., U.S. hospitalsNo CommentsOlder people exposed to other versions of the H1N1 swine flu may be less likely to catch the latest mutation.
U.S. health officials said the median age for confirmed hospital cases in the United States is 15. And in Mexico, new figures showed that almost half of the 42 confirmed swine flu deaths were of people 29 and younger.
The age range of those in U.S. hospitals with swine flu is eight months to 53 years. There are 35 people hospitalized with confirmed cases of the new flu in 14 states, the CDC says.
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May6
COLORADO, 17 Test Positive For H1N1 Flu Virus, Swine Flu
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: centers for disease control, centers for disease control and prevention, colorado h1n1, colorado swine flu, connecticut, deaths, delaware, disease control and prevention, flu, h1n1, hawaii, louisiana, maine, massachusetts, nebraska, new hampshire, new mexico, north carolina, pennsylvania, rhode island, south carolina, swine flu, tennesseeNo CommentsThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said seven more Coloradans have tested positive for H1N1 flu virus, swine flu, bringing the state total to 17.
Confirmed U.S. Human Cases of H1N1 Flu Infection, May 6, 2009
States # Of Laboratory Confirmed by CDC
Alabama 4
Arizona 48
California 67
Colorado 17
Connecticut 4
Delaware 33
Florida 5
Georgia 3
Hawaii 3
Idaho 1
Illinois 122
Indiana 15
Iowa 1
Kansas 2
Kentucky* 2
Louisiana 7
Maine 1
Maryland 4
Massachusetts 45
Michigan 8
Minnesota 1
Missouri 2
Nebraska 4
Nevada 5
New Hampshire 2
New Jersey 7
New Mexico 3
New York 97
North Carolina 7
Ohio 5
Oklahoma 1
Oregon 15
Pennsylvania 1
Rhode Island 2
South Carolina 16
Tennessee 2
Texas 61, Death, 2
Utah 1
Virginia 3
Washington 9
Wisconsin 6
TOTAL (41) 642 cases 2 deaths
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May5
TEXAS, H1N1 Flu Virus Confirms First Resident Woman Death From Swine Flu
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: cameron county, centers for disease control, centers for disease control and prevention, child care, chronic health conditions, disease control and prevention, dr richard, flu, flu virus, guidance, health and human services, joke, kathleen sebelius, mexico border, parents, prevention health, school closure, state health officials, swine flu, texas h1n1 flu, texas swine fluNo CommentsTexas, state health officials confirm the first death of a Texas resident with H1N1 swine flu. Officials said the woman lived in Cameron County, along the U.S.-Mexico border, and had other, chronic health conditions.
Last week, schools were advised to shut down for about two weeks if there were suspected cases of swine flu. Hundreds of schools around the country have followed the government’s guidance and closed schools, giving students an unexpected vacation and leaving parents scrambling for child care.
“We no longer feel that school closure is warranted,” said Dr. Richard Besser, acting director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said the swine flu virus had turned out to be milder than feared and the government decided to change its advice. So far, the virus has not proved to be more infectious or deadly than the seasonal flu.
The CDC said parents should still make sure to keep sick children with flulike symptoms at home for seven days.
Some think the H1N1 Flu Virus is a joke. Nevertheless, the H1N1 Virus (a.k.a Swine Flu) is a killer.
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May5
COLORADO, Denver Health Investigating Stopping H1N1 Flu Virus, Second DIA Baggage Handler Found With H1N1 Flu, Swine Flu!
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: baggage handlers, co workers, colorado swine flu, denver health, h1n1 virus, hypotheses, physical environment, swine fluNo CommentsDENVER HEALTH investigating for any connection between the two DIA baggage handlers found to have H1N1 Flu Virus at DIA. The process includes evaluating the physical environment.
Interviewing co-workers and others in the immediate area and developing hypotheses on the possible source of the illness and if there is any possibility for future spread.
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May5
COLORADO, 6 Confirmed Cases H1N1 Flu, Swine Flu Reported!
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: adams county, arapahoe counties, centers for disease control, centers for disease control and prevention, colorado case, county health department, county public health, denver area, department of public health, disease control and prevention, eagle county, excel academy, h1n1, H1N1 Flu, health officials, jefferson county public schools, michi, midweek, new case, public health department, state health department, swine fluNo CommentsColorado, 6 Confirmed Cases H1N1 Flu Virus and More Cases Of The H1N1 Virus
The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a third new case on Monday, which would bring Colorado’s total to seven, but the state Department of Public Health and Environment says that person is being retested.
U.S. Human Cases of H1N1 Flu Infection, May 05, 2009
States # Of Laboratory Confirmed
Alabama 4
Arizona 17
California 49
Colorado 6
Connecticut 2
Delaware 20
Florida 5
Georgia 1
Idaho 1
Illinois 82
Indiana 3
Iowa 1
Kansas 2
Kentucky* 1
Louisiana 7
Maine 1
Maryland 4
Massachusetts 6
Michigan 2
Minnesota 1
Missouri 1
Nebraska 1
Nevada 1
New Hampshire 1
New Jersey 6
New Mexico 1
New York 90
North Carolina 1
Ohio 3
Oregon 15
Pennsylvania 1
Rhode Island 1
South Carolina 16
Tennessee 2
Texas 41, Death =1
Utah 1
Virginia 3
Wisconsin 3
TOTAL (38) 403 cases 1 deathFor more information on the H1N1 Virus, Swine Flu, click here
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Apr30
COLORADO, Reports 2 Confirmed Swine Flu Cases!
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: arapahoe county, centers for disease control, centers for disease control and prevention, colorado swine flu, disease control and prevention, drastic steps, egypt, flu, flu cases, kibosh, measures, news world, phone calls, pigs, scientists, swine flu, swine flu colorado, tops, urgent care clinicsNo CommentsA woman from Arapahoe County and a man who handles baggage at DIA are Colorado’s first confirmed H1N1 Swine flu cases. For more information, click here!
Denver, Colorado Swine Flu News
Swamping Denver Clinics Over Swine Flu Fears. Doctors say the patients who fear they have swine flu, but have little or no symptoms, they are swamping them with phone calls and dropping into urgent care clinics for flu tests. How to really know if you have Swine Flu symptoms? For more information, click here!
USA Swine Flu News
USA Swine Flu Total Tops 100. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that the number of swine flu cases in the United States has topped 100, with confirmed infections in 11 states.
World Swine Flu News
World Takes Drastic Steps To Contain Swine Flu. From Egypt’s order that all 300,000 pigs in the country be slaughtered to travel bans and putting the kibosh on kissing, the world is taking drastic and some say debatable measures to combat swine flu.
Questions about H1N1 Swine Flu? click here!
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Apr30
FLU THREAT: Lessons From Past Flu Pandemics, What You Need To Know About Flu Influenza, Avian Flu, Swine Flu and Worldwide Spread Of Flu Threat Dangers
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: avian flu, close proximity, flu, flu epidemics, flu pandemics, glyconutrition, glyonutrients, healing process, hepatitis, hepatitis b, hepatitis b and c, immune system, immune system dysfunction, influenza, influenza flu, mutations, pandemic flu, pig flu, public health risk, sheer power, shingles, swine flu, vicissitudes, wildfireNo Comments
Flu and the Immune SystemInfluenza (”flu”) strikes every year and afflicts millions. Under normal circumstances, flu is not considered a general public health risk. Of course, any disease must be taken seriously for two reasons.
First of all, any disease, including flu, can become dangerous through complications.
But, let’s also understand the far more important issue with regard to flu (and not just avian flu or swine flu)…but disease in general. Every flu is a problem primarily because our immune system gets compromised through life’s stresses. Put bluntly, flu is “caught” by people because their immune system is not functioning well.
Immune system dysfunction and weakening occurs from constant stress, constant threat of danger, constant deprivation of nutritional needs, and constant exposure to vicissitudes of life. Flu …even deadlier strains such as avian flu or swine flu, can be the result.
Specifically, flu impacts us due to an under active immune system. This is true of many diseases such as cancer, Hepatitis B and C, TB, strep, shingles as well as flu.
Other disease conditions are the result of an over active immune system.
What makes this an issue of late is the fact that only recently has science begun to understand the immune system, its complications, its sheer power to fend off disease conditions and its power to aid in the healing process.
Avian Flu and Pandemics of the Past
To understand the avian flu threat, we need to understand flu pandemics of the past. Flu epidemics have been explosive and unusually deadly. In past centuries, flu probably spread so fast due to humans and animals living in close proximity.
As you probably know, avian flu is a complex disease mutated from flu that kills birds. But, avian flu has mutated successfully to strike human life. Close proximity of animal and human life allows for such mutations to develop and spread.
Flu can spread like wildfire, for example swine flu. The pandemic avian flu of 1580 began in Asia, spreading over all continents in less than a year. The flu engulfed all of Europe in less than six months.
That’s the problem with flu breakouts. Flu pandemics hit like the proverbial flash flood. A highly contagious flu virus can hit populations that have little or no specific antibody immunities to the disease, infect a quarter of the population, outstrip societal response capability, disrupting societal health and economy.
The fear today is the swine flu can strike suddenly and will spread globally in a matter of mere months.
There were three flu pandemics of the 20th century. They are well documented as to origin, spread, and impact. Those flu pandemics occurred in 1918-19, 1957-58, and 1968-69.
The flu pandemic of 1918-19 killed upwards of 40 million people. No doubt, society did not have the tools nor understanding to stop the plague. However, if ever there was an argument for immune debilitation, it’s war weariness.
Almost every author who writes about this flu pandemic notes the fact the world was at war. But, that was not a mere footnote. It was a major contributor to society’s incapacity to restrain, much less stop the flu plague.
War brings unique circumstances, to say the least. War brings a strain to everything including the immune capacity of the survivors. If flu occurs in compromised immune systems, war guarantees the stress and deprivation which is often the prelude to plague:
” soldiers live in horrid conditions and return to a disrupted life but the effect on their immune system follows them into peace time …and plague,
” loss of loved ones brings its stresses to the emotions which impacts the immune system,
” constant anxiety for soldiers and loved ones even though they return safely, brings its emotional traumas and immune system depletion,
” loss of hygienic conditions weakens resistance and breeds viral and bacterial conditions,
” depression economy brings poverty and its consequences to human quality of life,
” uncertainty of safe living conditions (bombing, terrorism, battle, mob actions)
during war takes its own toll on the body” disrupted economies, making recovery long, difficult and uncertain,
” work hours longer and work conditions harsher, pay less,
” crime, destruction, barbarism frightening or actual,
” whole economies perish, trade and commerce uncertain,
” political uncertainties,
” peace often brings more severe dislocation and hardship (this was especially the case after World War I),
” all populations suffer nutritional deprivation, with few exceptions
When flu strikes after such conditions, scientists often misjudge the fact that the victims, deemed “healthy”, really were compromised terribly throughout the war and peace time consequences.
The generation, which was victimized by the “Spanish flu” of 1918-1919, was in the age range of 15 - 35 … the very age which includes:
” soldiers,
” single parents,
” factory workers,
” teens called upon to assume unusual responsibilities on the home front
” workers in their prime, needed on all fronts…
” medical and other service personnel exposed to a constant need for their services,
Their “after the war” physical let down is almost reminiscent of what happens to people after particularly long periods of stress… They fall prey to flu, colds, and infection.
Why the flu?
To answer that question, consider the physical impact upon athletes from their workouts.
It is now known that after a heavy workout, whatever other benefits accrue to the body, there is one clear draw back. The oxidized radicals thus formed take the body several days to get over… leaving the body open to radical damage and some internal harm. (See my article: “Antioxidants, Free Radicals, and Sports Nutrition”
New research suggests glyconutritional supplementation taken before, during, and especially after workouts helps the body get over the radical burden in a matter of hours, not days.
Now, if recent research shows that athletic stress takes days to get over, often leaving damage to organs and tissues in its wake (especially if it is a habitual practice), why are we surprised at the massive flu fall out following the First World War - a war which was worldwide in its scope, as was the flu pandemic which followed it?
Perhaps, before we consider avian flu in the second article, we should realize there is strong scientific testimony that recognizes glyconutrition is a way to prepare and deal with the onset of deadly flu…and potentially other pandemic possibilities.
Read the following testimony before Congress when doing further research on flu, avian or otherwise.
“In instances of unusual, epidemic, or virulent infectious agent exposure, glyconutrient supplementation has been found effective for enhancing general immune functions and defense. When supplied at higher levels than available in nature, sugars needed for cellular synthesis can take innate defense systems to a much higher level that are effective against infectious agents.”
Dr. H. Reginald McDaniel, “Comprehensive Medical Care for Bioterrorism Exposure”
Congressional Hearing, November 14, 2001
(emphasis ours)Best Regards To Your Health and Happiness!
“TheEdge”
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Apr29
DENVER, COLOARDO, Avian Bird Flu Poses Serious Threats To Humans
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: avian flu, avian flue, avian influenza virus, avian influenza virus subtypes, ducks and chickens, flu virus, global health community, global pandemic, human case, infectious viral disease, influenza, migratory birds, neuraminidase, pandemics, pig flu, subtype, surface areas, swine flu, type a flu, vaccinesNo CommentsThe high fears of swine flu, (pig flu) is a high danger within the USA transmission from human to human. The global health community has been in a state of alarm due to recent outbreaks of the avian influenza disease in many parts of the world, particularly in Asia.
The disease has infected humans, prompting many to believe that a global pandemic will soon occur.
In the past decades, avian influenza has affected only birds and in some cases, pigs. Avian influenza does not normally affect humans but the first human case of avian influenza has been recently documented. Diseases previously known to only affect animals have crossed over to humans – avian influenza being one of these diseases. As a consequence, this crossing over has started many of the health pandemics that the world has suffered from for centuries.
Avian flu virus:constantly mutating
Avian influenza typically affects birds, specifically migratory birds, ducks and chickens. Avian influenza is an infectious viral disease that is similar to human flu. Several subtypes of Type A flu viruses cause avian influenza. Avian influenza differs from human flu in terms of the proteins that reside on the surface areas of the avian influenza virus subtypes.
It is known that there are 16 different HA (hemagglutinin) subtypes and nine NA (neuraminidase) subtypes of the avian influenza virus. These subtypes can combine with each other, producing different subtypes of the disease. Because of these constant combinations of subtypes, producing vaccines becomes even more difficult. One can never know what subtype will emerge next, let alone what its impact will be.
In addition, viruses are known to be constantly mutating. Viruses are constantly “changing their spots.” Thus, scientists have to also evolve the medicines and vaccines that are being produced in order to keep up with the viruses’ constant mutating.
H5N1: deadly avian flue subtype
So far, only a few subtypes of the avian influenza virus have managed to cross over from the bird species to human species. These subtypes are H9N2, H7N7, H7N3 and H5N1. Of these subtypes, H5N1 has created the biggest alarm within the international health community. Among the subtypes that have been reported to affect humans, the H5N1 subtype appears to be the worst. The H5N1 subtype has caused more than 50 deaths to date.
Bird flu symptoms in humans are dependent on the subtype that caused the infection. Some of the bird flu symptoms in humans are typical flu like symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat and muscle aches. Bird flu symptoms in humans also include eye infections, pneumonia, and severe respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory distress and other life-threatening complications.
Avian flu: human to human transmission may be possible.
The avian influenza virus and its subtypes have the tendency to easily mutate. This may be one reason that the avian flu has managed to cross over from birds to human beings. This mutation may also be the reason that human to human transmission of the disease is a distinct possibility.
The World Health Organization has said that there are three ways for the virus to cross over and become a “human flu”, which means that the disease will not only be contracted from birds but also from humans. Humans may contract the virus and mutation occurs while the virus is within the body. The bird flu virus may also combine with ordinary human flu, thereby assimilating the characteristics of the disease, including its ability to infect humans.
Mutation through combination with human flu can occur in the body of humans who contract the disease while being sick with human influenza or by being in contact (consumption, for example) with pigs, which serve as carrier of both kinds of flu.
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Apr29
DENVER, COLORADO, Expert Advice On Staying Healthy This Flu Season
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: amantadine and rimantadine, antiviral medication, assistant clinical professor, beth israel medical, beth israel medical center, bird flu, bird flu pandemic, centers for disease control and prevention, dr perlman, flu bug, flu season, israel medical center, newark beth israel, newark beth israel medical center, pig flu, respiratory illnesses, swine flu, treatment of influenza, university of medicine and dentistry, warm soapy waterNo CommentsWhile fears about swine flu (pig flu), and bird flu pandemic have grown recently overseas, an increasing number of people right here at home are falling ill with this spring seasonal flu bug.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), flu incidence has been on the rise since late December, spreading from the Southwest corner of the U.S. and making its way eastward.
Seasonal flu affects up to 40 million Americans every year. Influenza and its complications are responsible for an average of 200,000 hospitalizations and 36,000 deaths annually in the U.S.
“Many Americans see flu as a nuisance rather than a serious health threat,” said Donald Perlman, M.D., who specializes in treating respiratory illnesses at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center in New Jersey. “While concern about the avian flu is understandable, the health risks associated with seasonal flu are much higher for the average American than the bird flu threat.”
Despite the upswing in flu incidence, there are two fewer treatment options this season. The CDC has recommended against the use of amantadine and rimantadine for the prevention and treatment of influenza for the remainder of the 2005-2009 flu season due to increasing resistance levels. Instead, CDC recommends that oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) be prescribed if an antiviral medication is needed.
Dr. Perlman, an assistant clinical professor at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), emphasizes that flu is a preventable disease, and offers advice and simple measures everyone can take to help control its spread:
Prevention:
• Get Vaccinated: Vaccine is the first line of defense. Visit www.cdc.gov for vaccine locations in your area.
• Wash Hands Frequently: Germs are often spread when a person touches something contaminated followed by the eyes, nose or mouth. Wash hands often for 20 seconds with warm, soapy water.
• Practice Respiratory Etiquette: Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, to reduce the chances of spreading the virus to others.
• Monitor Flu Outbreaks in Your Area: Stay informed of when the flu hits your city by logging on to www.flustar.com, which provides updates on flu outbreaks on a regional and nationwide basis.
If You Get Sick:
• Know the Difference Between Cold and Flu: Many people are confused by cold and flu symptoms. Above are some tips to help you tell the difference.
• See Your Doctor at First Signs of Flu: Early diagnosis and treatment can help lessen the time you are sick, so see your doctor at the first sign of flu symptoms. He or she may prescribe an antiviral medication such as Tamiflu, which can reduce the duration and severity of flu symptoms if taken within 48 hours of symptom onset. Antiviral medications can also be used to help prevent the spread of flu within a household or workplace if taken within two days of exposure to the influenza virus.
• Stay Home: Be considerate of others. If possible, stay home from work, school and errands when you are sick.
As the threat of swine flu (pig flu) and bird flu grows overseas, seasonal flu, which affects 40 million Americans each year, packs a punch in the U.S.
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Apr25
DENVER, COLORADO, April 25, 2009, Swine Influenza (Flu), Cases Of Human-To-Human Spread Of Swine Flu Viruses Has Been Documented!
Filed under: 5280 Denver News; Tagged as: american victim, baggage handler, california ohio, colorado department of health, colorado h1n1, colorado health department, colorado reports, colorado swine flu, confirmed cases, flu like symptoms, flu outbreak, flu viruses, human infections, human transmission, mexico cruise, mild flu, ohio kansas, san diego california, swine flu, travel history, type a influenza, world health organizationNo CommentsSwine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza that regularly cause outbreaks of influenza among pigs. Swine flu viruses do not normally infect humans, however, human infections with swine flu do occur, and cases of human-to-human spread of swine flu viruses has been documented.
NOTICE: The Colorado Health Department did report if you have been within the state of California, Texas or Mexico recently and are having flu like symptoms to contact your physician immediately. In addition, the Colorado Health Department is asking individuals with mild flu-like symptoms to stay at home, regardless of travel history.
Update: April 27, 2009: More than 1,600 cases of swine flu have been reported in Mexico, and the suspected death toll is nearly 150. There are 40 confirmed cases in the United States with cases in New York, California, Ohio, Kansas and Texas. Two other states have potential cases under investigation. Worldwide there were 73 cases, including six in Canada, one in Spain and two in Scotland. The World Health Organization raised its global alert level on the spreading swine flu from a Phase 3 to a Phase 4, meaning there is sustained human-to-human transmission of the virus causing outbreaks in at least one country.
Update: April 29, 2009: Official Confirms First US Swine Flu DeathAn official with the CDC says a 23-month-old Texas child is the first American victim of the swine flu outbreak.
Updated: April 30, 2009: Colorado Reports 2 Confirmed Swine Flu CasesThe Colorado Department of Health confirmed Thursday that Colorado has two confirmed cases of Swine flu. One of the victims is a woman in her 30s, from Arapahoe County. She became ill after returning from a Mexico cruise that embarked from San Diego, California. She was not hospitalized. The second vicitm works for DIA employed as a baggage handler. He was hospitalized for three days.
Updated: May 1, 2009: H1N1 Colorado Cases Prompt Concern, Prevention. Two confirmed cases of the H1N1 influenza virus in Colorado have doctors giving reminders about healthy habits to keep people from getting sick. Colorado State Using All Resources To Combat H1N1 Flu. Governor Bill Ritter says his office and the state Health Department are using all the resources at their disposal to stop the spread of H1N1 flu in Colorado.
Updated: May 5, 2009: Colorado 6 Confirmed Cases From CDC and 7 Case Possible, Monday 5, 2009 For Colorado. CDC no longer recommends shutting down schools as a federal law. CDC mentioned that students who have mild symptoms of the flu to stay home for a week. Denver Health investigates possible linkage to DIA Airport baggage handlers getting H1N1 flu virus, swine flu by interviewing co-workers. Total U.S CDC Human To Human Confirmed Cases: TOTAL, States (38), 403 cases and 1 death as of May 5, 2009
Updated: May 6, 2009: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said seven more Coloradans have tested positive for H1N1 flu virus, swine flu, bringing the state total to 17. Total U.S CDC Human To Human Confirmed Cases: TOTAL (41) 642 cases 2 deaths as of May 6, 2009.
Swine Flu History
From December 2005 through February 2009, a total of 12 human infections with swine influenza were reported from 10 states in the United States. Since March 2009, a number of confirmed human cases of a new strain of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in California, Texas, and Mexico have been identified. An investigation into these cases is ongoing.
Swine Flu
What is Swine Influenza?
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza virus that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza in pigs. Swine flu viruses cause high levels of illness and low death rates in pigs. Swine influenza viruses may circulate among swine throughout the year, but most outbreaks occur during the late fall and winter months similar to outbreaks in humans. The classical swine flu virus (an influenza type A H1N1 virus) was first isolated from a pig in 1930.
How many swine flu viruses are there?
Like all influenza viruses, swine flu viruses change constantly. Pigs can be infected by avian influenza and human influenza viruses as well as swine influenza viruses. When influenza viruses from different species infect pigs, the viruses can reassort (i.e. swap genes) and new viruses that are a mix of swine, human and/or avian influenza viruses can emerge. Over the years, different variations of swine flu viruses have emerged. At this time, there are four main influenza type A virus subtypes that have been isolated in pigs: H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and H3N1. However, most of the recently isolated influenza viruses from pigs have been H1N1 viruses.
Swine Flu in Humans
Can humans catch swine flu?
Swine flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with swine flu have occurred. Most commonly, these cases occur in persons with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. children near pigs at a fair or workers in the swine industry). In addition, there have been documented cases of one person spreading swine flu to others. For example, an outbreak of apparent swine flu infection in pigs in Wisconsin in 1988 resulted in multiple human infections, and, although no community outbreak resulted, there was antibody evidence of virus transmission from the patient to health care workers who had close contact with the patient.
How common is swine flu infection in humans?
In the past, CDC received reports of approximately one human swine influenza virus infection every one to two years in the U.S., but from December 2005 through February 2009, 12 cases of human infection with swine influenza have been reported.
What are the symptoms of swine flu in humans?
The symptoms of swine flu in people are expected to be similar to the symptoms of regular human seasonal influenza and include fever, lethargy, lack of appetite and coughing. Some people with swine flu also have reported runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Can people catch swine flu from eating pork?
No. Swine influenza viruses are not transmitted by food. You can not get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork and pork products is safe. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160°F kills the swine flu virus as it does other bacteria and viruses.
How does swine flu spread?
Influenza viruses can be directly transmitted from pigs to people and from people to pigs. Human infection with flu viruses from pigs are most likely to occur when people are in close proximity to infected pigs, such as in pig barns and livestock exhibits housing pigs at fairs. Human-to-human transmission of swine flu can also occur. This is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu occurs in people, which is mainly person-to-person transmission through coughing or sneezing of people infected with the influenza virus. People may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.
What do we know about human-to-human spread of swine flu?
In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized for pneumonia and died 8 days later. A swine H1N1 flu virus was detected. Four days before getting sick, the patient visited a county fair swine exhibition where there was widespread influenza-like illness among the swine.
In follow-up studies, 76% of swine exhibitors tested had antibody evidence of swine flu infection but no serious illnesses were detected among this group. Additional studies suggest that one to three health care personnel who had contact with the patient developed mild influenza-like illnesses with antibody evidence of swine flu infection.
How can human infections with swine influenza be diagnosed?
To diagnose swine influenza A infection, a respiratory specimen would generally need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is most likely to be shedding virus). However, some persons, especially children, may shed virus for 10 days or longer. Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus requires sending the specimen to CDC for laboratory testing.
What medications are available to treat swine flu infections in humans?
There are four different antiviral drugs that are licensed for use in the US for the treatment of influenza: amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. While most swine influenza viruses have been susceptible to all four drugs, the most recent swine influenza viruses isolated from humans are resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. At this time, CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses.
What other examples of swine flu outbreaks are there?
Probably the most well known is an outbreak of swine flu among soldiers in Fort Dix, New Jersey in 1976. The virus caused disease with x-ray evidence of pneumonia in at least 4 soldiers and 1 death; all of these patients had previously been healthy. The virus was transmitted to close contacts in a basic training environment, with limited transmission outside the basic training group. The virus is thought to have circulated for a month and disappeared. The source of the virus, the exact time of its introduction into Fort Dix, and factors limiting its spread and duration are unknown. The Fort Dix outbreak may have been caused by introduction of an animal virus into a stressed human population in close contact in crowded facilities during the winter. The swine influenza A virus collected from a Fort Dix soldier was named A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1).
Is the H1N1 swine flu virus the same as human H1N1 viruses?
No. The H1N1 swine flu viruses are antigenically very different from human H1N1 viruses and, therefore, vaccines for human seasonal flu would not provide protection from H1N1 swine flu viruses.
Swine Flu in Pigs
How does swine flu spread among pigs?
Swine flu viruses are thought to be spread mostly through close contact among pigs and possibly from contaminated objects moving between infected and uninfected pigs. Herds with continuous swine flu infections and herds that are vaccinated against swine flu may have sporadic disease, or may show only mild or no symptoms of infection.
What are signs of swine flu in pigs?
Signs of swine flu in pigs can include sudden onset of fever, depression, coughing (barking), discharge from the nose or eyes, sneezing, breathing difficulties, eye redness or inflammation, and going off feed.
How common is swine flu among pigs?
H1N1 and H3N2 swine flu viruses are endemic among pig populations in the United States and something that the industry deals with routinely. Outbreaks among pigs normally occur in colder weather months (late fall and winter) and sometimes with the introduction of new pigs into susceptible herds. Studies have shown that the swine flu H1N1 is common throughout pig populations worldwide, with 25 percent of animals showing antibody evidence of infection. In the U.S. studies have shown that 30 percent of the pig population has antibody evidence of having had H1N1 infection. More specifically, 51 percent of pigs in the north-central U.S. have been shown to have antibody evidence of infection with swine H1N1. Human infections with swine flu H1N1 viruses are rare. There is currently no way to differentiate antibody produced in response to flu vaccination in pigs from antibody made in response to pig infections with swine H1N1 influenza.
While H1N1 swine viruses have been known to circulate among pig populations since at least 1930, H3N2 influenza viruses did not begin circulating among US pigs until 1998. The H3N2 viruses initially were introduced into the pig population from humans. The current swine flu H3N2 viruses are closely related to human H3N2 viruses.
Is there a vaccine for swine flu?
Vaccines are available to be given to pigs to prevent swine influenza. There is no vaccine to protect humans from swine flu. The seasonal influenza vaccine will likely help provide partial protection against swine H3N2, but not swine H1N1 viruses.













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